The Problem of Pornography Essay -- Argumentative Essay, Censorship 201

  In the United States someone has to be eighteen years old before they can buy pornography, but just because they have to be eighteen to buy it doesn't mean they have to be eighteen to look at it. Everywhere around the Internet one may stumble upon pornography where anyone, including children, may look at it. Pornography is not something to be proud of and is not something that our children should be able to see randomly on the Internet or in a store at a young age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Susan Brownmiller"s essay, "Let"s Put Porn Back in the Closet," she argues that "pornography represents hatred of women, that pornography"s intent is to humiliate, degrade, and dehumanize the female body for the purpose of erotic stimulation and pleasure," which I completely agree with. (Brownmiller 53.) Women that respect themselves or other women would never pose for any type of pornography. People should never look at a woman as if they are just an object in a magazine or movie. Women should be respected and so should their privacy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When I was growing up, pornography was not something peopl...

Talk Show Example Script

HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively Introduction â€Å"Paraphrase† is a verb which means to re-write a phrase or sentence with the same meaning but using different words. Paraphrasing is a very important skill for most English tests, including TOEFL iBT, IELTS and TOEIC Speaking and Writing. In TOEFL iBT, for instance, paraphrasing is an important skill in the reading section, in the listening section and, above all, in the speaking and writing sections of the test. Here is a quick example of paraphrasing using a phrase from the paragraph above: 1. Paraphrasing is a very important skill for most English tests. † 2. â€Å"For many tests of English, being skilful at paraphrasing is extremely important. † Notice how the paraphrased version (sentence 2) changes some vocabulary (e. g. , â€Å"extremely† for â€Å"very†), changes the word order (e. g. , â€Å"tests of English† for â€Å"Eng lish tests†) and changes the grammar (e. g. , â€Å"being skilful at paraphrasing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  for â€Å"Paraphrasing is a very important skill†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) These are the three main ways to paraphrase and by combining all of these methods, you can achieve clear and accurate paraphrased sentences.The next sections will look at these methods in more detail. Paraphrasing Method 1: Use Different Vocabulary with the Same Meaning Most students try to use this method, but actually it can be difficult to use. The reason is that although English has many synonyms such as ‘large’ or ‘big’, it is unusual for these words to have exactly the same meaning. So, if you try to use a lot of synonyms when you paraphrase, you might produce sentences that are not natural English. Unnatural sentences are likely to reduce your score more than small mistakes because the reader may not understand what you are trying to say.For example, look at this original sentence and two paraphrased equivalents: 1. â€Å"It can be difficult to choose a suitable place to study English. † 2. â€Å"It is often a challenge to pick up (x) a relevant (x) school to learn English. † 3. â€Å"It is sometimes hard to select an appropriate place to learn English. † For non-native speakers, these three sentences might look like they have the same meaning. For native speakers, however, sentence 2 is unnatural. The first problem is â€Å"pick up†. This expression does NOT have the same meaning as â€Å"choose†, so this part of the paraphrased sentence is actually wrong.The second problem is the word â€Å"relevant†. In some cases, â€Å"relevant† and â€Å"suitable† are good synonyms but in this example they are not This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. ca [email  protected] ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS clas ses for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively close in meaning at all. Sentence 3 is a much better paraphrase of sentence 1 because all of the words have the same meaning.The best advice is to follow the â€Å"100% rule† for using synonyms: only use a synonym for a word if you are 100% certain that the new word has 100% the same meaning as the original word. If you are less than 100% certain, keep the same word and use either method two or method three to paraphrase your sentence. Paraphrasing Method 2: Change the Order of Words Changing the word order of a phrase or sentence is usually safer than using synonyms because the words are the same, so the meaning must be the same.However, it is not always easy to decide which words to move or to decide to which position the words should be moved Also, when you move a word you might need to change some other words, add some other words or cut some other words to ensure that the new sentence is grammatically correct. Here a re two suggestions for how to change the word order without making errors: a. If the original sentence has two or more clauses, change the order of the clauses. 1. â€Å"If they have some help, most people can paraphrase effectively.However, practice is important because paraphrasing is difficult. † 2. â€Å"Most people can paraphrase effectively, if they have some help. Paraphrasing is difficult, however, so practice is important. † b. If the original sentence has an adjective and noun, change the adjective into a relative clause. 1. â€Å"Writing essays can be a challenging task. † 2. â€Å"Writing essays can be a task which is challenging. † Paraphrasing Method 3: Use Different Grammar It sounds very difficult to use different grammar, but actually it is easier than changing vocabulary.In addition, if you change the grammar and make an error, usually the reader will understand what you mean. However, if you change the vocabulary and make an error, ofte n the reader will not understand what you mean. So, although changing the grammar has some advantages, it is still not easy and you should practice it as often as possible. Here are two suggestions for how to change the grammar without making errors: This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. a [email  protected] ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively a. Change some of the words in the original sentence into different parts of speech (you will often need to change the word order and some other words, too). 1. â€Å"The most effective way to build your English skill is to study regularly. † 2. â€Å"The most effective way of building your English skill is to do studying on a regular basis. † b. If the original sentence is in the active voice, change it to passive or vice versa. 1. To improve English, you should le arn new vocabulary on a daily basis. † 2. â€Å"To improve English, new vocabulary should be learned on a daily basis† Further Practice By using the methods and ideas given in this article, you should be able to improve your paraphrasing skill. In tests like IELTS and TOEFL iBT you will often need to paraphrase quickly, so you need to practice regularly if you are going to get better and faster. Start by practicing each method individually and then begin combining the methods until you are comfortable at using all three of them.If you want to see more examples of paraphrasing, one of the best ideas is to compare two news articles about a current event in two different newspapers. The stories will contain most of the same details, but the sentences will be different. By comparing the sentences and paragraphs you will get more ideas about how to paraphrase and see some real examples. Newspaper websites are often a good place to see two different articles without paying fo r two different newspapers. This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. ww. higherscore. ca [email  protected] ca HIGHER SCORE TOEFL, TOEIC and IELTS classes for serious students How to Paraphrase Effectively Useful Words The following list defines some of the difficult words used in this article. A synonym is a word or phrase that has almost the same meaning as another word or phrase. For example, ‘smart', ‘clever' and ‘intelligent' are all synonyms because they have almost the same meaning. If two things are equivalent, they are equal or almost equal to each other although they might be in different places.For example, the British ‘prime minister' is equivalent to the United States ‘president' because both the ‘prime minister' and ‘president' are the most powerful politicians in their country. If somebody ensures something, the person makes sure that something is correct or true or OK. For example, if I am going on a trip, I will check my pocket to ensure that I have my passport. A clause is a grammar word that describes part of a sentence that contains a subject and a verb. Most clauses also contain an object or subject complement.Some clauses are ‘reduced' which means that subject (and sometimes the auxiliary verb) are omitted. The phrase part of speech is used to describe the different types of words that are used in English. For example, ‘noun', ‘verb', ‘adjective' and ‘adverb' are four common parts of speech. The expression (and/or) vice versa is used to indicate that the opposite of something which was just mentioned is also true. For example, ‘If the book is on the shelf, put it in the box and vice versa' means ‘If the book is on the shelf, put it in the box and if the book is in the box, put it on the shelf. This article is provided as a free service to all test preparation students by Hi gher Score, Canada’s number one test preparation centre. Students are welcome to send copies of this article to other students who are taking a test. However, this article may not be distributed in any other way without the express written consent of Higher Score. This article is copyright Higher Score, 2007. It may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form without permission. www. higherscore. ca [email  protected] ca

Marketing Research Project - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4295 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Table of Contents INTRODUCTION5 LITERATURE REVIEW7 PURPOSE, SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS8 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE9 Primary Objective9 Secondary Objective10 METHODOLOGY10 Type of Research Design10 Primary Data Sources11 Secondary Data Sources11 Scaling Techniques11 Questionnaire Development11 Sampling Techniques11 Data Collection11 Data Analysis11 Methodology11 Tools11 Data Evaluation12 Data Analysis12 Factor Analysis12 Regression Analysis12 RESULTS12 Focus Group Discussion12 Reliability Of The Questionnaire13 Popularity of dead celebrities14 PRODUCTS THAT CAN BE ENDORSSED:14 Factor Analysis15 Total Variance Explained16 Rotated Component Matrix17 Regression Analysis18 Dependent Variable19 Independent Variables19 Colinearity Statistics19 Table 4: Colinearity statistics19 Model Summary19 Coefficients20 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS20 RECOMMENDATIONS21 ANNEXURE 1(QUESTIONNAIRE)22 ANNEXURE 2(SCREE PLOT)25 REFERENCES26 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: KMO and Bartletts Test16 Table 2: Total Variance Explained17 Table 3: Rotated Component Matrix18 Table 4: Colinearity statistics19 Table 5: Model Summary20 Table 6: Coefficients20 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Marketing Research Project" essay for you Create order INTRODUCTION In today’s dynamic and intense competitive market situation survival for the fittest is the new mantra. There has been a shift from the traditional concept of â€Å"Seller’s market† to the new and emerging concept of â€Å"Buyer’s market†. The customer is the king in today’s context. In India both the MNC’s and the domestic players are leaving no stone unturned to connect their brand with their target audience. There has been a radical shift from the traditional promotional mix elements to a new and emerging Integrated Marketing Communication concept. With brands becoming me-too in terms of feature and quality, it became all the more important for advertiser and their advertising agencies to determine the Unique Selling Proposition (USP) of their brand and communicate it successfully in their marketing communication. The phenomenon of using celebrities in advertisements is creating a lot of noise world over and in Indian context the situation is no different. A celebrity is a person who is successful in his/her own profession, widely recognized in the society and have huge fan following and enjoy media attention. They have Demographic and Psycho graphic connect with the target audience. It can be said that within a corresponding social group, celebrities generally differ from the social norm and enjoy a high degree of public awareness. Today’s celebrities in Indian context are especially from Bollywood (Hindi Film Industry in Mumbai) like Mr. Amitabh Bachchan, Mr. Shah Rukh Khan, and Mr. Aamir Khan. Celebrity branding is a type of branding, or advertising, in which a celebrity uses his or her status in the society to promote a product, service or charity. Celebrity branding can assume different forms like a celebrity simply appearing in advertisements for a product, service or charity, to a celebrity attending PR events, creating his or her own line of products or services, and/or using his or her name as a brand. At present celebrity voice-overs in advertising is an emerging trend noticed in India. Some celebrities have distinct voices which are recognizable even when they not present on-screen. Mr. Amitabh Bachchan in Indian context is one such example. This is a more subtle way to add celebrity branding to a product or service. This study focuses on a specific aspect of celebrity attitude formation, specifically the attraction and apparent strengthening of attitudes toward a celebrity after their death. Fortune recently released its annual review of dead celebrities’ current earnings, with Elvis still the leading revenue producer 30 years after his death[1]. This study seeks to understand what factors influence such celebrity worship by fans with such persistence over time. Voices of dead celebrity can be an effective way of communication as this may add an extra edge to the product with the nostalgia associated with t. Dead celebrity endorsement is a very popular concept in USA though its relevance in Indian prospective is highly doubtful. There are instances where the voices of dead celebrities have been used like the ads of Maggi Ketchup, Krack Jack Biscuits, Pepsi, certain regional advertisements also uses a similar approach. There are also instances where the image of the dead celebrities has be en used to infuse trust like the State bank of India advertisements. The main aim of this project is to understand the consumer behavior and preferences towards these dead celebrities in advertisements in India. LITERATURE REVIEW According to McCrackens (1989) definition, a celebrity endorser is an individual who enjoys public recognition and who uses this recognition on behalf of a consumer good by appearing with it in an advertisement (marketing communication). Research has shown that in general celebrity endorsement influences the feelings of the consumers and can also influence the attitude consumers have towards the advertisement and attitude towards the brands, which can increase the purchase intentions and, consequently, increase sales. A celebrity endorser used in an advertisement can be interpreted as a reference group. A Reference group is defined as any person or group of persons that serves as a point of comparison (or reference) for an individual by communicating values, attitudes and providing a specific guide for behaviour (Shiffman and Kanuk, 2006). An aspiration group is a derivative of the reference group: in this case, the consumer does not belong to the group but is willing to be associated with it. To become associated with this group, consumers are willing to behave like members of the aspiration group. This means that consumers are trying to behave in the same manner, e. g. try to use the same symbolic meanings – of the aspiration group. Research has shown that the use of celebrities in advertisements can have a positive influence on the credibility, message recall, memory and likeability of the advertisements and finally on purchase intentions (Menon, 2001). Today – no doubt inspired by the declining effectiveness of the different marketing communications (Blonde and Roozen, 2006) the advertising industry is willing to pay the increasing rewards he celebrities are asking. However an alternative to this high cost of celebrity endorsement can be the use of dead celebrities in advertisements. This idea has been very popular in the west. As long as there is mass media, there will be celebrity worship. Worship of celebrities has often been compared to religious worship (Giles 2000), or likened to a similar level of dedication (Maltby et al. 2004). Celebrity status has be en claimed to be a specific product of the media (Martin et al. 2003). Studies conducted in the U. K. and U. S. ave so far succeeded at establishing that cognitive factors (Levy 1979)and social psychological factors (Maltby et al. 2004) are involved in celebrity worship . Both Elvis Presley and Princess Diana have their band of followers who identify with them and want to emulate them. A scrutiny of the qualities they aspire to emulate suggests that they do not degrade societys values, rather the reverse. Both Presley and Diana were charismatic personalities who have posthumously reached cult icon status. It has even been suggested that the veneration given to each carries the hallmark of incipient religions. (Susan MacDougall,2005). For the dimension of Celebrity Identification, perceived social risk is the greatest influence, followed by the conceptual dimensions of nostalgia. Age difference between the celebrity and respondent and perceptions of Celebrity Enjoyment also plays a very important role (Robert D. Evans, Jr et al , 2006). In the article: Why are dead athletes endorsers better than live ones? (Robert E Carr, 1997) talks about the fad generated over running ads on the dead celebrity. Today, these computer generated dead endorsers are a huge success as compared to the live celebrity endorsers mainly due to their untainted images. Celebrity endorsement has always been beneficial for the company for example for the products like shoes endorsed by the performers (athletes) signifying that superior people uses superior products. But stating that the changing image of the endorser does not affect the image of the product/company would be wrong. The credibility of the endorser and company image is directly proportional. Dead celebrity endorsed companies are therefore saved from this changing image and hence changing credibility. Today people are not looking for someone who is perfect but for someone whom they can relate to and if a product is related to an endorser whose image cannot be tarnished with future, the company is therefore in safe mode. Therefore it can be inferred from the article that the dead celebrity endorsement is better than live celebrity endorsement as the former is less prone to credibility changing issues and hence making their achievements and credibility earned during the life cycle more important rather than counting on the present celebrities. Celebrities have also been reanimated using modern technology to prevent any legal hassles and have been used in advertisements and this industry has grown to 300 million dollars in 2008(Ross D Petty, 2009). In Indian prospective not much of a work has been done with relation to dead celebrity endorsement and its viability. This study thus tries to find out this very aspect of dead celebrity endorsement and whether it is a viable option in India. PURPOSE, SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The purpose of the project is to find out: 1. The consumer behavior towards dead celebrity endorsement in Indian prospective. . To see whether the dead celebrity endorsement will actually influence consumer in buying these products. 3. To check whom among the dead celebrities can be a possibly used in an advertisement. 4. Also find the possible products which can be endorsed by these celebrities. Scope: The study can be useful in identifying the dead celebrities who can be used in advertisements and products th ey can endorse. Limitations: 1. The age groups considered could have been much more diverse. 2. The co operation level of the respondents was a problem. 3. The awareness of the respondents towards dead celebrities was a problem. 4. The number of respondents was low due to time and mobility constraints. 5. The customers may not always fill the entire questionnaire hence data may be incomplete. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Primary Objective 1. To see whether dead celebrity endorsement is a viable option for promotions of products and services in Indian Context. 2. To find out the consumer purchasing intentions about the same. Secondary Objective 1. To see which dead celebrity can be possibly used to endorse a product or service and influence their purchasing intentions. . To see which products can be endorsed through these dead celebrities. 3. To determine how demographic and psychographic variables influence the preferences. METHODOLOGY Type of Research Design Exploratory research has been used to find out the possible variables affecting consumer behavior towards dead celebrity endorsement and also to see which celebrities and products can be use d in the study. Descriptive research design is also used for this study. It is used to provide further insight into the research problem, regarding the factors affecting consumer behavior towards dead celebrity endorsement. And also to see the popularity levels of dead celebrities and the possible products or services they can be used to promote. Primary Data Sources The main source of data for the study is the primary source that is the respondents themselves. These respondents are from various age groups and occupations and also geographic regions. The sample size is 150. Moreover Focus Group Discussion was conducted to get more insights into the problem at hand. Secondary Data Sources This research uses secondary data in the form of literary works done on this topics by other researchers to get an insight of the problem in hand. Scaling Techniques The Likert scaling technique is used for this research which is a non comparative itemized rating scale technique. For capturing the responses, respondents were asked to indicate the amount of agreement or disagreement on a five point Likert scale. There were also questions based on nominal scale where the respondents were to answer Yes or No to a particular question. Questionnaire Development The questionnaire has been developed based on the insights that came out from the Focus Group Discussion that was conducted. The celebrities to be considered as well as the products to be considered in the study were got from the FGD. Moreover the variables to be included in the study were obtained from the FGD as well as secondary data i. e. from research papers on this topic. Sampling Techniques Non-Random Sampling is done to capture responses. The respondents were all above the age of 19. Data Collection 150 respondents have been contacted and their response has been noted for further analysis. This has been tabulated in a MS Excel work sheet. Data Analysis Methodology Factor Analysis, regression and cluster analysis is used in this study in order to come up with certain recommendations discussed further. Tools SPSS 13. 0 has been used for analysis for this research. SPSS for Microsoft Windows provides a powerful statistical analysis and data management system. In addition to this MS Excel has been used to tabulate the information and do graphical analysis. Data Evaluation 1. First of all data screening is done to identify missing data in the responses. 2. Missing data is entered. Some level of subjectivity is involved in doing this. 3. Data coding is done in SPSS 13. 0, which also included labeling all the factors created during the analysis. This is done to standardize the responses in numeric format, which eases the analysis. 4. Lastly the negatively poised questions were computed to their positive values to enable proper interpretation. Data Analysis Factor Analysis Factor analysis has been used to reduce the data complexity by reducing the number of variables and also to understand the hidden structure of a set of variables to smaller number of factors. In this study by using factor analysis we tried to find out the major factors from the variables used in the questionnaire that affect consumers preferring dead celebrity endorsements. Regression Analysis The main objective of regression analysis is to explain the variation in one variable (called the dependent variable) based on the variation in one or more other variables (called the independent variables). The dependent variable used is: How much do you prefer to buy a product endorsed by your favorite dead celebrity? The independent variable used is the factors got from the factor analysis. The result will help us to identify the factors that affect the consumer behavior towards dead celebrity usage in advertisements. RESULTS Focus Group Discussion Reliability Of The Questionnaire Reliability Statistics |Cronbachs Alpha |N of Items | |. 841 |19 | A high value of Cronbachs alpha proves that the questionnaire is reliable and can be used for the study. Popularity of dead celebrities [pic] Figure 1: Dead Celebrities Popularity PRODUCTS THAT CAN BE ENDORSSED: [pic] Figure 2: Products Factor Analysis We found out that there are a number of variables having high degree of correlation among them at a significance level of 5%. Therefore we used Factor analysis to group correlated variables and separated them from other variables with low (correlation coefficients 0. 5) or no correlation. We used iterated Principal Components Analysis Extraction Method and Varimax with Kaiser Normalization Rotation Method. Four factors were extracted which had Eigen values more than 1. Detailed Analysis of outputs of Factor Analysis: KMO Test of Sample Adequacy Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy This measure varies between 0 and 1, and values closer to 1 are better. A value of 0. is a suggested minimum. KMO value is 0. 744, which is fair enough. Bartletts Test of Sphericity This tests the null hypothesis that the correlation matrix is an identity matrix. An identity matrix is matrix in which all of the diagonal elements are 1 and all of diagonal elements are 0. We want to reject this null hypothesis. As the significance level of Bartlett’s test is . 000 which rejects the null hypothesis that the correla tion matrix is an identity matrix. Thus we can say that the data is adequate to be used for factor analysis. Table 1: KMO and Bartletts Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. |. 744 | |Bartletts Test of Sphericity |Approx. Chi-Square |388. 841 | | |df |55 | | |Sig. |. 000 | Total Variance Explained Table 2: Total Variance Explained |Component |Initial Eigenvalues |Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings |Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings | | | Cumulative percentage – this column contains the cumulative percentage of variance accounted for by the current factors. In our project, three factors explain 59. 456% of the variance. Rotated Component Matrix Table 3: Rotated Component Matrix | |Component | | |1 |2 |3 | |I enjoy discussing about my favorite dead celebrity in my peer group |. 09 | | | |I Identify myself with my favorite dead celebrity |. 601 | |. 530 | |I think the dead celebrities are better than the alive ones, for endorsing products | |. 828 | | |Seeing dead celebrities remind me of my childhood. | | |-. 700 | |Credibility of dead celebrities is more than alive celebrities | |. 21 | | |By using the products endorsed by my favorite dead celebrity gives me a sense of pride |. 543 | | | |Like_reading |. 798 | | | |Keep_up |. 674 | | | |Like_discuss |. 74 | | | |Dead celebrities endorsing a product brings about nostalgia | | |. 640 | |Obsessed |. 645 | | | |Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis . | |Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. | |a Rotation converged in 5 iterations. | Component The column contains the rotated factors that have been extracted. Three factors have been extracted. These factors were named according to the characteristics of the variables belonging to corresponding components: 1. Knowledge: This factor deals with the level of knowledge and interest of the respondents about the dead celebrities. It takes into consideration the variables like interest in discussing, reading and keeping up with the information about the dead celebrity as well as the obsession about the dead celebrity. This factor is also related to the association/connectedness of the celebrity with the respondent. 2. Credibility: This factor deals with the credibility of the dead celebrities over the live ones. Here the trust associated with dead celebrity 3. Nostalgia: This factor deals with variables like nostalgia associated with the dead celebrity. Regression Analysis Using the factor scores of all the above factors regression analysis was done to check which all variables affect the dependent variable the most. Dependent Variable How much do you prefer to buy a product endorsed by your favorite dead celebrity? The responses been obtained in a five point Likert scale as Very highly, highly, not sure, low and not at all. Independent Variables The three factors obtained from the factor analysis are labeled as follows: Factor 1- Knowledge. Factor 2 Credibility. Factor 3 Nostalgia. Results Colinearity Statistics Table 4: Colinearity statistics |Model | |Colinearity Statistics | | | |Tolerance |VIF | |1 |(Constant) | | | | |Knowledge |. 607 |1. 647 | | |Credibility |. 30 |1. 205 | | |Nostalgia |. 617 |1. 621 | Looking at the values of tolerance and VIF (which is much smaller than 10) we can say that the data has no multicollinearity. Model Summary Table 5: Model Summary |Model Summary | |Model |R |R Square |Adjusted R Square |Std. Error of the Estimate | |1 |. 658(a) |. 33 |. 418 |. 717 | |a Predictors: (Constant), nostalgia, credibility, knowledge | The R2, here means that the model here explains about 43. 3 % variation in the dependent variable. Coefficients Table 6: Coefficients |Coefficients(a) | |Model | |Unstandardized Coefficients |Standardized Coefficients |t |Sig. Colinearity Statistics | | | Dependent variable = 0. 695(Knowledge) + 0. 047(Credibility) -0. 100(Nostalgia). From amongst the three independent variables, only the Knowledge is significant over the dependent variable, so the equation can be put as: Dependent variable = 0. 695(Knowledge). CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study produced some valuable knowledge about the nature of attitude formation toward dead celebrities. From this study it can be clearly seen that dead celebrity endorsement may not be a very popular means of communication especially as far mass media is concerned, it may be used only for niche targeting. Moreover it is seen the factor that predominantly explains consumer behavior or purchase decision is based on the knowledge or association of the dead celebrity. Nostalgia and credibility does not play much of an important role. More over talking about the youth (20-30 age group) there is a remendous lack of interest in relation to the dead celebrity, so dead celebrity endorsement for goods and services aimed at youth is certainly not a viable option. Moreover it can be seen that though the connectedness of the dead celebrities with the people is high but there is a serious lack of decision whether dead celebrity endorsed product will be bought by the consumers (as is evident from the responses which are predominantly not sure), so the consumers are not themselves aware about the eff ectiveness of the dead celebrity endorsing the products and services. Hence the market is not mature enough to accept the products endorsed by dead celebrity. However in older age groups especially in the age group of 40-50 most of the respondents were in the opinion that dead celebrity endorsement may actually make them buy those products. So attractiveness of dead celebrity is there for this age group segment. Certain products like Government health projects is a good example where dead celebrities can be used to endorse owing to their high credibility and trust associated with them. Moreover products like Banking and related services can also be endorsed by dead celebrity simply because of their credibility. Certain FMCG goods can also be endorsed using dead celebrity but this has to be kept in mind that only those goods which are aimed at an age group above 30 is preferably endorsed by the dead celebrity , otherwise the connectedness of the dead celebrity with consumers may not be there. The celebrities associated with entertainment world are the most popular amongst the respondents and contribute more than 70% of the total. Where as the celebrities from industrial field contributes a mere 24%. Though for banking and related services these industrial celebrities are much more preferred than celebrities from the entertainment world. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Dead celebrity endorsement can be used in products like government health projects and banking and related services where trust factor is most predominantly needed. 2. The celebrities like Kishore Kumar and Madhubala can be used to endorse products like FMCG where as celebrities like Dhiru Bhai Ambani and J. R. D Tata can be used to endorse products like Government sponsored health projects and banking services where trust becomes very important than the charisma. 3. Products and services associated with middle age group and higher age group people may be endorsed through dead celebrity but never the products aimed at youth. 4. Also before using dead celebrities in advertisements one way of increasing knowledge about the same is through newspaper articles or using such promotional events on specific dates associated with the celebrities can be a very good idea as this will increase the connectedness of the celebrity. . Rather using national celebrities regional celebrities can be a better idea as there is a certain level of high connectedness with such regional celebrities (for example using Rajkumar in Southern India). 6. Before using any dead celebrity the familiarity of the same with the consumers must be properly gauged as most of the respondents in the study were not familiar with the very concept of dead celebrity endorsement. 7. Niche markets may be targeted using dead celebrities rather than mass markets. 8. Dead celebrity endorsement may be a good option for advertisements related to print medium as images of dead celebrities along with their message can be very inspiring. 9. Voices of dead celebrities especially those related to the entertainment world can be used very effectively mainly leveraging on the popularity of such legendary voices. 10. With celebrities endorsing multiple brands , their credibility is decreasing day by day so using dead celebrities in endorsement can be a welcome change though extremely careful approach relating the same has to be taken as the market for such is highly immature. ANNEXURE 1(QUESTIONNAIRE) Age:- 20-30 51-60 31-4061 and above 41-50 Gender: Male Female Which region are you from? East South West Central North 1. Which dead celebrity would you like to see in the advertisements? a) Amrish Purie) Rajkumar b) Madhubala f) Kalpana Chawla c) Kishore Kumarg) Dhirubhai Ambani d) J. R. D. Tatah) Ashok Kumar . Which products would you like to your favorite dead celebrity endorsing? a) Government Health Projects. b) FMCG Products c) Automobiles d) Consumer Electronics e) Health Care products d) Apparels e) Services like banking and insurance. 3. Please answer the following questions based on your preferences: Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Stronglydisagree a. I enjoy discussing about my favorite dead celebrity in my peer group. b. I identify myself with my favorite dead celebrity. c. I do not like reading about my favorite dead celebrity. . I think the dead celebrities are better than the alive ones, for endorsing products e. Seeing dead celebrities remind me of my childhood. f. I am not obsessed by trivia of my favorite dead celebrity. g. I would like to collect memorabilia of my favorite dead celebrity. h. My friends and I donot like to discuss what my favorite dead celebrity has done. i. Keeping up with my favorite dead celebrity in the media is not an entertaining pastime. j. Credibility of dead celebrities is more than alive celebrities. k. Dead celebrities endorsing a product rings about nostalgia in me. l. By using the products endorsed by my favorite dead celebrity gives me a sense of pride. 4. Would you purchase a product endorsed by your favorite dead celebrities? Yes No 5. How much do you prefer to buy a product endorsed by your favorite dead celebrity? Very Highly Highly Not Sure Low Not at all ANNEXURE 2(SCREE PLOT) REFERENCES 1. Ross D. Patty et al(2009), The use of dead celebrity in advertisement and marketing, Journal of Advertising; Winter 2009; 38, 4; ABI/INFORM Global, pg. 7. 2. Robert D. Evans, Jr et al (200 9), Elvis: Dead and Loving It The Influence of Attraction, Nostalgia, and Risk in Dead Celebrity Attitude Formation, Journal of Management and Marketing Research. 3. Robert E Carr(1997), Why are dead athletes better than live ones? , Sporting Goods Business; Mar 24, 1997; 30, 5; ABI/INFORM Global, pg. 66. 4. McCracken, G. (1989), who is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process. Journal of Consumer Research, December 1989, 310-32. 5. McGuire, William J. 1985) Attitudes and Attitude changes, Handbook of Social Psychology, Eds. Gardner Linzey and Elliot Aronson, vol. 2, NY: Random House, pp. 233-346. 6. Roozen et al(2009), The Relative Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement for Beauty, High- and Low Involvement Product Print Advertisements. 7. Supriyo Patra (2009), Celebrity Endorsement in India–Emerging Trends and Challenges, Journal of Marketing Communication. 8. Susan MacDougall(2005), Hobbies, Obsessions And Dead Celebrity Worship. 9. https:/ /www. commercialalert. org/ 10. www. forbes. com 11. ww. wikipedia. org 12. https://tvtropes. org/ 13. www. thehindu. com. 14. www. ebscohost. com [1] www. forbes. com/deadcelebs . [Dead Celebrity Endorsement] [2010] SUBMITTED BY: (SECTION A) AANSHIKA KHANDELWAL 09BSHYD0007 ANUKRITI KALTA 09BSHYD0142 AMAN AQEEL 09BSHYD0064 BHAVYA JHA 09BSHYD0217 MANMEET SINGHGANDHI 09BSHYD0430 MAINAK MISRA 09BSHYD0420 INDUJITA BOSE 09BSHYD0323 SUBHOJIT KHAN 09BSHYD0859

The Recession Of The United States Recession - 2003 Words

Recession is termed as a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters. Based on the complete recession that took place few important points that I could gather in specific considering each type of recession are listed below. How it took place? Causes for it and what impact it had on the audience. Let me discuss about this in brief. The recession of 1937-38 is usually known as â€Å"the recession at intervals Depression.† It came at a time once the recovery from the good Depression was aloof from complete and therefore the per centum was still terribly high. In fact, it had been a fatal natural event to the recovery. Real value fell 11 November and industrial production fell thirty second, creating it the third-worst United States recession within the twentieth century (after 1929-32 and 1920-21). The recession is usually attributed to a adjustment of business enterprise and financial policy. Christina Romer (2009) has argued that it s relevant to today’s scenario as a result of it illustrates the risks of a premature withdrawal of stimulant once the economy remains weak. But the recession remains somewhat of a mystery as a result of the 2 most often mentioned causes – the reduction within the business enterprise deficit and also the Federal Reserve’s call to double reserve needs – don t seem to possess been powerful enough to get a recession of the magnitude seen.Show MoreRelatedThe Recession Of The United States1460 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction Ever since World War II the United States has experienced many recessions. There have been many terrible recessions that have hit this great country hard. What is a recession people may wonder? A recession is a significant decline in activity across the economy, lasting longer than a few months. 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Sleep Is Necessary For Children - 1899 Words

Sleep is necessary for everyone to lead a productive day, as well as to ward off stress, illness, and recuperate from a hectic day. Although sleep has many benefits, countless people do not always get the recommended amount of rest that is required to rejuvenate their bodies. This is often the case for those in college. With all the homework, studying, and stress, sometimes getting a full night’s sleep is something that is but a distant dream for students. These individuals tend to be at the mercy of their course workload and stress induced insomnia. With some minor alterations to daily habits, diet, and taking time for oneself, attaining a full night s sleep can become a reality. It is a troublesome fact that college students do not get a full eight to nine hours of uninterrupted sleep. In fact, on average, most college students get 6 - 6.9 hours of sleep per night, and the college years are notoriously sleep-deprived due to an overload of activities (University of Geor gia, 2014). 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Final Worldview Paper Free Essays

Everyone has a different worldview whether it is his or her religion or law. However, just because we listen and read about other religions does not mean we follow and believe them. I will add that a worldview helps me to understand life and reality in different parts of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Worldview Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now People need to have a worldview to understand their purpose in life. Questions and Answers from my Own Worldview Perspective Who is God and what are His Characteristics? Christians believe that God created the universe and all within. He is the almighty. We are welcomed into a relationship with Him so that we will get to now Him personally, and intimately. â€Å"Let not the wise man boast of his wisdom or the strong man boast of his strength or the rich man boast of his riches, but let him who boasts boast about this: that he understand and knows me, that am Lord, who exercises kindness, justice and righteousness on earth, for in these I delight,† declares the Lord. (Jeremiah 9:23,24) What is a Human Being and what Happens When One Dies? The scripture reads that God created man and woman in the image of Him. When He created us, he gave us a soul and spirit. Our body exists as a shell; our soul is our inner feelings such as our emotions. The spirit is our mind, where we hear the whisper of God leading us in the right directions of our life. Believe that when we die the body is returned to the earth and our soul continues to live on with God. Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was; and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it. (Ecclesiastic 12:7) What is the Nature of the Universe? Christians know that God created the universe according to His will. Now my worldview affects everything I believe about God, marriage, education and he way we raised our children. He created all that is and all that will be forever in the universe. No matter what other views exist, Christians know that God created the Heaven and the earth, which is the universe. God allows His children to see His creations according to his Word and it is up to Christians to have a relationship with Him (Salesladi es, 2013). How do You Know What You Know? How do you Know what is True? While growing up my grandparents taught me the family right from wrong. I also know what I know by attending church, listening to the pastor, and reading the Bible. This class has taught me about worldviews had never heard of before. It also taught me different ways to understand and research the Bible. I know what I know because God created me to be all I can be and to follow my dreams by practicing the power of positive direction Sakes, 2008). This is how know what I know. What is Right and Wrong or How can We Know there is a Right from Wrong? Knowing right and wrong should not be an issue for any Christian. Christians know that the Word is right and that there is no other alternative. Knowing that you have a healthy relationship with God is right enough for e. People can listen to who and whatever they want to receive the Word, but until they open the Holy Bible and receive it for themselves, they will not know the difference (Wright, 2004). Is Life Pointless or is there Purpose? I believe that God created everything and everyone for His purpose. I also believe Christians given this gift of love to serve only Him for His purposes. With this said all of Gods’ children are here for a reason, some find their reason sooner than others do, but as long as I believe and trust in Him will find my way in life. I believe that all things God works for good with those who love Him, those whom he has called according to His purpose. (Romans 8:28) What Core Commitments are Consistent with my Worldview? Impact on My Life? The core commitments and consistencies in my life consist of my spiritual life, family, and education. These are the areas in my life try to keep consistent. Being a consistent person really helps because not only do I have to pay attention to my education I have to pay attention to my sons’ as well. Do my best to keep Christ at the forefront or our life. Making this decision is meeting I try to day everyday (Jakes, 2008) My Worldview Compared to the Christian Worldview I try to take time from each day to read His word so that can continue my relationship with Him. Also try to help my family live by His word also, by sharing what have learned. There are times when I may find myself drifting away from the Word. That is when I have a little talk with Jesus. Because I know, He will keep me on the path to righteousness. Therefore, I really believe my worldview is one of a Christian worldview. Reflecting on My Worldview How does my Worldview Perform in the Tests of Worldviews? Any Christian, who knows God, knows that He is the measure of all things. In addition, we should be God-centered He is the reason why we are here today and the reason why we believe in His laws. Everyone seems to have his or her own worldview about the universe. A Christian worldview is all know and am happy for that experience. As for the other worldviews, I cannot put myself in the position to judge them Sakes, 2008). How does my Worldview affect my Thoughts and Actions? During this class, found that my Christian worldview affects my thoughts and my actions. I know that I am whom I am because of Him and I do my est. to serve Him by being patient and kind to others, because I want others to be kind to me. I also do my best to listen to the whisper in my soul as I know it is Him talking and leading me in the right direction as make decisions during the day and night. He is the keeper of my heart and know this (Jakes, 2008). How has my Worldview Changed over the Course of this Class? My worldview advanced while in this class. This class was not as difficult as I thought once I got over the anxious feeling. Enjoyed connecting the scriptures together and summarizing the passages. There Was a lot Of reading, but I understood the questions better once read the information. I must say that learned more in this class about the Bible than had ever known and I am thankful for those seven weeks of reading, writing, and discussions. This class has helped me understand that I do have a worldview and that it is not just an opinion (Wright, 2004). Conclusion This essay has helped me open my eyes to my own worldview. First, I described the worldview assumptions as it applied to my life and me. Several questions were answered as they related to my worldview. How to cite Final Worldview Paper, Papers

HR Strategy Must and Corporate Strategy-Free-Samples for Students

Question: HR strategy must align with Corporate Strategy if a Company is to succeed and stand any chance of achieving Competitive advantage. Critically evaluate this statement, and illustrate your answer with examples. Answer: Introduction The following essay is based on the statement that Human Resource strategy should be aligned with the corporate strategy of the company to perform well and achieve competitive edge. Most firms have been observed to be viewing the department of HR as administrative functions and avoid the requirement and opportunity to align it with the corporate strategic plans. Many studies have been conducted to identify the link and importance between HR strategy and corporate strategy of the firms. The purpose of the essay is to analyze the fact that HR strategy needs to be aligned with the corporate strategy. It is observed that human resource departments are sometimes left to deal with only administrative functions like selection, performance management, compensation and training. However, these functions have no significance to the action of how an organization plans for the appropriate level of human resource to provide on its plans and objectives. Thus, Buller and McEvoy (2012) mentioned that empowering the HR department to increase value to the business strategy helps to ensure that it undertakes its functional activities in a manner that sustains growth and success. In order to conduct a detail analysis, 8 journals articles have been used in the essay as the supporting evidences. Moreover, the analysis has been performed linking with the findings provided in the previous studies. Some statements are established in the content with the real-world facts and scenarios. Discussion Strategy alignment is treated as the integration of visions, mission, goals and objectives with the regular organizational operation. As put forward by Sharma, Sharma and Devi (2011) strategy alignment facilitates persistent monitoring, evaluating and updating of strategy in accordance with changes in the business environment. In this context, Jackson, Schuler and Jiang (2014) also commented that, to have a successful strategic alignment, a requirement exists to create a strategic culture that consists of the behavior, beliefs, values and norms with the way the firm performs the operation. Moreover, Kalyani and Sahoo (2011) in their experimental study, mentioned that Human Resource Management and the corporate strategy should be aligned with each other. In the form of action, the senior human resource manager should take part with organizations top management in the strategic decision-making techniques. It is identified that that link between the HR strategy and corporate strategy is found when the HR professionals are seen to be spending more time as well as effort in understanding the business environment and the potential strategic issues. Huselid and Becker (2011) mentioned that human resource strategy should be linked to the corporate strategy because when the organization intends to implement a strategic plan it needs to ensure that it has the required the strength and capability. Understanding the external business environment, the organization makes strategic plans but when it comes to the implementation of the plans, the firm certainly needs the internal resource including the financial and human resources. For example, the large retail firm Coles in Australia has started selling the products online, which is a significant strategic initiative in the field of technological development (Coles.com.au 2017). However, to implement this strategy, the firm required to hire more e mployees for the distribution and technological supervision. On the other side, the large sports products retailer Sportsdirect located in UK is an internal sports products provider running its operation in all European nations but in the recent time, the first wanted to enter the Asian market (Au.sportsdirect 2017). However, due to poor reputation of the organization in terms of work culture, employee reward and recognitions, the organization suffered an unexpected employee turnover (Au.sportsdirect 2017). This means the human resource strategy of SportDirect is not supportive toward its corporate strategy. Therefore, it can be mentioned that corporate strategy should be aligned with the human resource strategy. According to Jackson et al. (2011), organizational success in terms of the corporate strategy achievement depends on the internal strength and the resources. Untrained and unskilled labors might not able to contribute to the achievement of organizational and corporate goals. The organizations might want to achieve its corporate goals in six months but due to lack of human resource or unskilled labor, the project might be delayed. For example, the furniture company IKEA is known to have the competitive advantages due to their low cost business model, which helps them to reduce the cost of operation and sell the products at low price (IKEA 2017). This is possible because IKEA has large and lasting supply chain network. Among organizational resources, the suppliers and manufacturers are the key resource of IKEA and the company develops a strong relationship with the suppliers and manufacturers, which creates deficiency of resource in terms of suppliers and manufacturers for other organi zation in the sector. Moreover, the organizational culture of IKEA is also liked to its business strategy. For example, IKEA sells disjointed furniture items that customers need to assemble and in the outlet these are placed in a way that customers could easily find an understand which product they need to buy, without borrowing knowledge from sales person (IKEA 2017). Due to this reason, IKEA does not hire a mass number of employees. IKEAs stores do not need sales person to accompany and guide the customers in purchasing. HR strategies are linked to the organizational operation and corporate strategies. As put forward by Guest (2011), an emphasis on human resource might help to gain a positive concept about the role of HR generally observed in tactically gaining competitive edge. A significant relation between human resource and corporate strategy exists because the larger similarity between the strategy and HR, the more effective and stable the organization could be and the skills of those strategies could be different. Thereby, the firm following the strategies could require different skills and because of this fact, HR strategy need to be aligned with the corporate strategy. In this context, Van Buren, Greenwood and Sheehan (2011) commented that the competiveness of an organization could be derived in a more easiest way, when its HR is appropriately associated with its business or corporate strategy. With a different perspective, it can be mentioned that it can be ascertained that when human resource is strategic as well as engaged to relate to firms performance, it plays a great role in the growth and development of operation (Ployhart and Moliterno 2011). It can also be added that by measuring the potential HR elements to strategy, the implementation of HR activities is transformed to the base of value generation of the organization. The measurement of the HR issues could provide the association between the business operation and HR. Conclusion It can be mentioned that alignment and strategic plans remains as the significant endeavor for every firm. The previous studies strongly are in the favor of a positive relation between HR, and performance. Moreover, the real-world examples demonstrated that HR plays a strong role in implementing strategy and gaining competitive advantages. The above-mentioned discussion helps to ascertain that HR should expand beyond administrative functions and insist more on how it could support the organization in strategic planning as well as implementation. Moreover, when the organization measures HR from a business perspective and by the value it brings to the firm, the top management might avoid HR in the strategic process. Rather, the senior management could welcome HR input, as they know how they could gain a clear understanding of how HR affect the bottom line from a business. References Au.sportsdirect 2017. [online] Au.sportsdirect. Available at: https://au.sportsdirect.com/ [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), pp.43-56. Coles.com.au. 2017.Operations. [online] Available at: https://www.coles.com.au/corporate-responsibility/environment/operations [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. Guest, D.E., 2011. Human resource management and performance: still searching for some answers.Human resource management journal,21(1), pp.3-13. Huselid, M.A. and Becker, B.E., 2011. Bridging micro and macro domains: Workforce differentiation and strategic human resource management. IKEA. 2017.IKEA.com - International homepage. [online] Available at: https://www.ikea.com/ [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. Jackson, S.E., Renwick, D.W., Jabbour, C.J. and Muller-Camen, M., 2011. State-of-the-art and future directions for green human resource management: Introduction to the special issue.German Journal of Human Resource Management,25(2), pp.99-116. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Kalyani, M. and Sahoo, M.P., 2011. Human resource strategy: A tool of managing change for organizational excellence.International Journal of Business and Management,6(8), p.280. Marler, J.H. and Fisher, S.L., 2013. An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), pp.18-36. Ployhart, R.E. and Moliterno, T.P., 2011. Emergence of the human capital resource: A multilevel model.Academy of Management Review,36(1), pp.127-150. Sharma, S., Sharma, J. and Devi, A., 2011. Corporate social responsibility: The key role of human resources management.Human Resource Management: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities,9. Van Buren, H.J., Greenwood, M. and Sheehan, C., 2011. Strategic human resource management and the decline of employee focus.Human Resource Management Review,21(3), pp.209-219.